Analytical Chemistry

Chemical Safety

Chemical-Waste-Disposal-Classification-and-Collection

CM3820_2009_Sampling

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Naming Compounds is a fundamental aspect of chemistry, crucial for communication among scientists and understanding the composition of substances. The naming conventions depend on the type of compound, whether it's organic or inorganic. Accurately is important for clear communication in the scientific community and ensuring proper understanding of the chemical composition and properties of substances.

Inorganic Compounds: Inorganic compounds typically include ionic compounds and molecular compounds that don't contain carbon.

Organic Compounds: Organic compounds are based on carbon atoms and may contain other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. They are classified into various categories like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, etc.

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General Chemistry is an introduction to the basic concepts of chemistry, including atomic structure and bonding, chemical reactions, and solutions. Other topics covered include gases, thermodynamics, kinetics and equilibrium, redox, and chemistry of the elements. 

Chemistry is the study of matter—its characteristics, behavior and structure. Chemists are interested in the way materials act and react in certain situations, so they produce and observe these reactions, both in nature and artificially in a lab setting

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Principles of GLP include:

• Implementing SOPs
• Proper maintenance and calibration of equipment
• Correct practices of laboratory personnel in performing analytical work
• Efficient management of laboratory records
• Methods used will be “fit for purpose”

Organizational elements emphasized in GLP:

• Resources 
• Written procedures and protocols
• Characterization of test items and test systems
• Documentation of raw data, final report, and archiving
• Independent quality assurance unit
• Archiving

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Laboratory Quality Standards and their Implementation

The purpose of establishing laboratory quality standards is to ensure the accuracy of the test results, increase the confidence of patients, clinicians and communities in the value of laboratory testing, and to inform patient management.

Standards ensure desirable characteristics of products and services such as quality, safety, reliability, efficiency and reproduceability. ISO standards provide a technical base for health, safety and conformity assessment.

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Organic chemistry lab is a lab space dedicated to organic chemistry projects, experiments, reactions, and observations. Since organic chemistry relies on specialized equipment, you can't really do other types of chemistry in an organic chemistry lab

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• Overview of  five(5) major environmental laws implemented  by the EMB-DENR
• DENR guideline issuance for the implementation of each environmental law.
• Other cross sectoral environmental management measures.
• DENR policy updates/directions on the processing of ECC and CNC applications.

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Philippine-Laws-on-Environmental-Pollution

• Environmental Impact Assessment Law (PD 1586)
• Toxic Substances And Hazardous Waste Management Act (RA 6969)
• Clean Air Act Of 1999 (RA 8749)
• Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003)
• Clean Water Act (RA 9275)
• Environmental Awareness And Education Act Of 2009 (RA 9512)

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Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a number of other elements also bond strongly to carbon, and a tremendous variety of compounds can result. In the early days of chemistry such compounds were obtained from plants or animals rather than being synthesized by chemists, and so they came to be known as organic compounds. This distinguished them from the inorganic compounds available from nonliving portions of the earth’s surface. Today literally millions of carbon compounds can be synthesized in laboratories, and so this historical distinction is no longer valid. Nevertheless, the study of carbon compounds is still referred to as organic chemistry.

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• Identify compounds as acids or bases, and as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes 
• Recognize reactions by type and be able to predict the products of simple acid–base, precipitation, and redox reactions.
• Calculate molarity and use it to convert between moles of a substance in solution and volume of the solution. 
• Describe how to carry out a dilution to achieve a desired solution concentration. 
• Describe how to perform and interpret the results of a titration.

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The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275) aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and community/household activities).

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The Republic Act (RA) 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, provides the necessary policy framework, institutional mechanisms and mandate to the local government unites (LGUs) to achieve 25% waste reduction through establishing an integrated solid waste management plans based on 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycling). While the efforts of LGUs are still very limited with a mix of results in implementing the national mandate, this paper presents the experiences of Cebu, a second largest city in the Philippines with about one million people, has shown to have succeeded in reducing its municipal waste generation by more than 30% over the last three years. The findings suggest that the impacts of the national mandate can be achieved if the LGUs have the high level of political commitment, development of effective local strategies in collaborative manner, partnership building with other stakeholders, capacity development, adequate financing and incentives, and in the close monitoring and evaluation of performance.

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Spectroscopic techniques employ light to interact with matter and thus probe certain features of a sample to learn about its consistency or structure. Light is electromagnetic radiation, a phenomenon exhibiting different energies, and dependent on that energy, different molecular features can be probed.